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142 Part III .Document Objects Reference undefined object. If you want to run a script only after every element and its data are fully loaded, trigger the function by way of the onLoad event handler for the BODY element or the onReadyStateChange event handler for the object (and check that the readyStateproperty is complete). Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: onReadyStateChange event handler. recordNumber Value: Integer or null Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility Virtually every object has a recordNumber property, but it applies only to elements used in Internet Explorer (for Windows) data binding to represent repeated data. For example, if you display 30 records from an external data store in a table, the TR element in the table is represented only once in the HTML. However, the browser repeats the table row (and its component cells) to accommodate all 30 rows of data. If you click a row, you can use the recordNumber property of the TR object to see which record was clicked. A common application of this facility is in data binding situations that allow for updating records. For example, script a table so that clicking on an uneditable row of data displays that record s data in editable text boxes elsewhere on the page. If an object is not bound to a data source, or it is a non-repeating object bound to a data source, the recordNumberproperty is null. Example (with Listing 15-15) on the CD-ROM Related Items: dataFld, dataSrc properties; TABLE, TR objects (Chapter 27). runtimeStyle Value: style object Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility You can determine the browser default settings for style sheet attributes with the help of the runtimeStyleproperty. The styleobject that this property On the CD-ROM On the CD-ROM elementObject.runtimeStyle
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141Chapter 15 .Generic HTML Element Objects Example (with Listing 15-14) on the CD-ROM Related Items: isTextEdit property; TextRange object (Chapter 19). previousSibling (See nextSibling) readyState Value: String (integer for OBJECT object) Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility A script can query an element to find out if it has loaded all ancillary data (for example, external image files or other media files) before other statements act on that object or its data. The readyState property lets you know the loading status of an element. Table 15-6 lists the possible values and their meanings. Table 15-6 readyState Property Values HTML Value OBJECT Value Description complete 4 Element and data fully loaded interactive 3 Data may not be loaded fully, but user can interact with element loaded 2 Data is loaded, but object may be starting up loading 1 Data is loading uninitialized 0 Object has not started loading data yet For most HTML elements, this property always returns complete. Most of the other states are used by elements such as IMG, EMBED, and OBJECT, which load external data and even start other processes (such as ActiveX controls) to work. In IE4, the readyStateproperty was limited to the following objects: document, EMBED, IMG, LINK, OBJECT, SCRIPT, and STYLE. For IE5+, this property is available to essentially every element. One word of caution: Do not expect the readyStateproperty to reveal if an object exists yet in the document (for example, uninitialized). If the object does not exist, it cannot have a readyState property the result is a script error for an On the CD-ROM elementObject.readyState
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140 Part III .Document Objects Reference Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: offsetParent, parentNode properties. parentNode Value: Node object reference or null Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility The parentNode property returns a reference to the next outermost node that is reflected as an object belonging to the document. For a standard element object, the parentNodeproperty is the same as IE s parentElement because both objects happen to have a direct parent child node relationship as well as a parent child element relationship. Other kinds of content, however, can be nodes. This includes text fragments within an element. A text fragment s parentNode property is the next outermost node or element that encompasses that fragment. A text node object in IE does not have a parentElement property. Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: childNodes, nodeName, nodeType, nodeValue, parentElement properties. parentTextEdit Value: Element object reference or null Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility Only a handful of objects in IE s object model are capable of creating text ranges (see the TextRange object in Chapter 19). To find an object s next outermost container capable of generating a text range, use the parentTextEditproperty. If an element is in the hierarchy, that element s object reference is returned. Otherwise (for example, document.body.parentTextEdit), the value is null. IE5/Mac through version 5 does not implement text ranges or associated properties and methods. On the CD-ROM On the CD-ROM elementObject.parentTextEdit
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139Chapter 15 .Generic HTML Element Objects Related Items: innerHTML, innerText properties; replaceNode() method. ownerDocument Value: document object reference Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility The ownerDocument property belongs to any element or node in the W3C and NN6 DOM. The property s value is a reference to the document node that ultimately contains the element or node. If a script encounters a reference to an element or node (perhaps it has been passed as a parameter to a function), the object s ownerDocument property provides a way to build references to other objects in the same document or to access properties and methods of the document objects. IE s version of this property is simply document. Example on the CD-ROM Related Item: document object. parentElement Value: Element object reference or null Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility The parentElement property returns a reference to the next outermost HTML element from the current element. This parent child relationship of elements is often, but not always, the same as a parent child node relationship (see parentNode property later in this chapter). The difference is that the parentElement property deals only with HTML elements as reflected as document objects, whereas a node is not necessarily an HTML element (for example, an attribute or text chunk). There is also a distinction between parentElement and offsetParentproperties. The latter returns an element that may be many generations removed from a given element but is the immediate parent with regard to positioning context. For example, a TD element s parentElement property is most likely its enclosing TR element, but (in IE5 at least) a TD element s offsetParent property is its TABLE element. A script can walk the element hierarchy outward from an element with the help of the parentElement property. The top of the parent chain is the HTML element. Its parentElement property returns null. On the CD-ROM elementObject.parentElement
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138 Part III .Document Objects Reference Example (with Listing 15-12) on the CD-ROM Related Items: offsetLeft, offsetTop, offsetHeight, offsetWidth properties. outerHTML outerText Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility One way that Internet Explorer exposes an entire element to scripting is by way of the outerHTML and outerTextproperties. The primary distinction between these two properties is that outerHTML includes the element s start and end tags whereas outerText includes only rendered text that belongs to the element (including text from any nested elements). The outerHTML property contains not only the text content for an element as seen on the page, but also every bit of HTML tagging associated with that content. For example, consider the following bit of HTML source code:

How are you? he asked.

The value of the P object s outerHTML property (document.all.paragraph1. outerHTML) is exactly the same as that of the source code. The browser interprets any HTML tags in a string that you assign to an element s outerHTML property. This means that you can delete (set the property to an empty string) or replace an entire tag with this property. The document s object model adjusts itself to whatever adjustments you make to the HTML in this manner. In contrast, the outerText property knows only about the text content of an element container. In the preceding example, the value of the paragraph s outerText property (document.all.paragraph1.innerText) is: How are you? he asked. If this looks familiar, it s because in most cases the innerText and outerText properties of an existing element return the exact same strings. If your audience includes Internet Explorer 4 for the Macintosh, be aware that several elements do not support these properties. In addition, IE5/Mac is downright buggy when you try to assign new content to either property. Be sure to test your page thoroughly on these platform combinations. Also see Chapter 14 for some code to add to a page that simulates the outerHTMLproperty for writing in NN6. Example (with Listing 15-13) on the CD-ROM On the CD-ROM On the CD-ROM elementObject.outerHTML
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137Chapter 15 .Generic HTML Element Objects Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: clientLeft, clientTop, offsetParent properties. offsetParent Value: Object reference Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility The offsetParent property returns a reference to the object that acts as a positioning context for the current element. Values for the offsetLeft and offsetTop properties are measured relative to the top-left corner of the offsetParent object. The returned object is usually, but not always, the next outermost block-level container. For most document elements, the offsetParentobject is the docu- ment.body object (with exceptions for some elements in some browsers). Table cells, for example, have different offsetParent elements in different browsers: Browser TD offsetParent IE4/Windows TR IE5+/Windows TABLE IE/Mac TABLE NN6 BODY Positioned elements also have different results among browsers. In IE, a first- level positioned element s offsetParent element is the BODY; the offsetParent of a nested positioned element (for example, one absolute-positioned DIV inside another) is the next outer container (in other words, the positioning context of the inner element). The situation for NN6, however, is not as straightforward as it could be. The offsetParent for any unpositioned element on the page is the BODY element. But the offsetParentproperty for a positioned element (or any element nested inside a positioned element) returns null. Even so, the offsetLeft and offsetTop properties of a positioned element (and its contents) treat the BODY element as the positioning context. This approach complicates the calculation of the position of an element inside a positioned element relative to its container. Future versions of NN6 will likely bring the behavior of the offsetParent property in line with the IE behavior. See Chapter 31 for more details on browser-specific treatment of position- able elements. On the CD-ROM elementObject.offsetParent
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136 Part III .Document Objects Reference because they are convenient for some scriptable Dynamic HTML tasks. Through these two properties, a script can read the height and width of any block-level or inline element. As with IE, the NN6 offsetWidth of a text-oriented block-level element is the width of the element s container. For example, a P element consisting of only a few words may report an offsetWidthof many hundreds of pixels because the paragraph s block extends the full width of the BODY element that represents the containing parent of the P element. Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: clientHeight, clientWidth properties. offsetLeft offsetTop Value: Integer Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility The offsetLeft and offsetTopproperties can suffer from the same version vagaries that afflict offsetHeight and offsetWidthproperties when borders, margins, and padding are associated with an element. However, the offsetLeft and offsetTop properties are valuable in providing pixel coordinates of an element within the positioning context of the parent element even when the elements are not positioned explicitly. The offsetLeft and offsetTop properties for positioned elements in IE/Macintosh do not return the same values as the style.leftand style.top properties of the same element. See Listing 31-17 for an example of how to correct these discrepancies without having to hard-wire the precise pixel differences in your code. The element used as a coordinate context for these properties is whatever element the offsetParent property returns. This means that to determine the precise position of any element, you may have to add some code that iterates through the offsetParenthierarchy until that property returns null. Although the offsetLeft and offsetTopproperties are not part of the W3C DOM specification, Netscape has implemented these properties in NN6 because they are convenient for some scriptable Dynamic HTML tasks. Through these two properties, a script can read the pixel coordinates of any block-level or inline element. Measurements are made relative to the BODY element, but this may change in the future. See the discussion later in this chapter about the offsetParentproperty. Note On the CD-ROM elementObject.offsetLeft
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135Chapter 15 .Generic HTML Element Objects reflected as strings. IE5/Windows, however, returns values of type Number when the value is all numeric characters. Even if you assign a string version of a number to such a nodeValue property, it is converted to a Number type internally. NN6 and IE5/Mac return nodeValue values as strings in all cases (and convert numeric assignments to strings). Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: attributes, innerText, nodeType properties. offsetHeight offsetWidth Value: Integer Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility It is nearly impossible to reconcile the actual behavior of these properties with the descriptions provided by Microsoft for Internet Explorer. The genuine complexity comes when an element has one or more of the following style features attached: borders, margins, and padding. The property values, especially offsetWidth, are heavily influenced by the height and width attributes assigned to an element s style sheet rule. The permutations of elements and their styles plus the vastly roving range of resulting values make it difficult to recommend the offsetHeight and offsetWidthproperties unless you manage to find the magic combination that works for your page layout. Differences abound in these properties treatment across operating system versions of IE. One advantage that offsetHeight and offsetWidth have over clientHeight and clientWidth is that the offset properties have values even when you do not set dimensions for the element in the HTML tag attributes. That s because these values are set in relation to the element s parent element most often the BODY element. Be aware that for a normal element whose height and width are not specified, the offsetHeightis determined by the actual height of the content after all text flows. But the offsetWidthalways extends the full width (plus or minus borders, margins, and padding) of the containing element. Therefore, the offsetWidth property does not reveal the rendered width of text content that is narrower than the full parent element width. (Through IE5, no property reveals this information.) To find out the actual width of text within a full-width, block-level element, wrap the text within an inline element (such as a SPAN) and inspect the offsetWidthproperty of the SPAN. Although the offsetHeight and offsetWidthproperties are not part of the W3C DOM specification, Netscape has implemented these properties in NN6 On the CD-ROM elementObject.offsetHeight
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134 Part III .Document Objects Reference Table 15-5 W3C DOM nodeType Constants Reference nodeType Value Node.ELEMENT_NODE 1 Node.ATTRIBUTE_NODE 2 Node.TEXT_NODE 3 Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE 4 Node.ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE 5 Node.ENTITY_NODE 6 Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE 7 Node.COMMENT_NODE 8 Node.DOCUMENT_NODE 9 Node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE 10 Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE 11 Node.NOTATION_NODE 12 Example on the CD-ROM Related Item: nodeName property. nodeValue Value: Number, string, or null Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility Of the node types implemented in the W3C DOM-capable browsers, only the text and attribute types have readable values. An element s node value returns a null value. For a text node, the nodeValueproperty consists of the actual text for that node. Such a node cannot contain any further nested elements, so the nodeValueproperty offers another way of reading and modifying what Internet Explorer implements as an element s innerTextproperty. For an attribute node, the nodeValue property consists of the value assigned to that attribute. According to the W3C DOM standard, attribute values should be On the CD-ROM elementObject.nodeValue
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133Chapter 15 .Generic HTML Element Objects Example on the CD-ROM Related Item: tagName property. nodeType Value: Integer Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility The W3C DOM specification identifies a series of constant values that denote categories of nodes. Not all of these values are implemented in the W3C DOM-capable browsers, although NN6 includes more than the two supplied by IE5. Table 15-4 lists the nodeType values implemented in recent browsers. Table 15-4 nodeType Property Values Value Description IE5/5.5 Nav6 & IE5/Mac 1 Element node 2 Attribute node 3 Text (#text) node 8 Comment node 9 Document node The nodeType value is automatically assigned to an element, whether the element exists in the document s HTML source code or it is generated on the fly via a script. For example, if you create a new element through any of the ways available by script (for example, by assigning a string encased in HTML tags to the innerHTML property or by explicitly invoking the document.createElement() method), the new element assumes a nodeType of 1. NN6 goes one step further in supporting the W3C DOM specification by implementing a set of Nodeobject property constants for each of the nodeType values. Table 15-5 lists the entire set as defined in the DOM Level 2 specification (not all of which are implemented in NN6). Substituting these constants for nodeType integers can improve readability of a script. For example, instead of if (myElem.nodeType == 1) {…} it is much easier to see what s going on with if (myElem.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {…} On the CD-ROM elementObject.nodeType
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